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The same story, again
In a study of 3-year-olds, children who heard the same story three times learned and kept new words better than children who heard three different stories with the same words.
In Piyoka: stories and places come back, and they're familiar every time.
Horst, Parsons & Bryan (2011), Frontiers in Psychology
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A little, over several days
Two-year-olds said new words better when they met them across several days than all at once. Spacing helped 3-year-olds remember, too.
In Piyoka: a short daily practice brings each word back just as it's about to be forgotten.
Childers & Tomasello (2002), Developmental Psychology; Vlach, Sandhofer & Kornell (2008), Cognition
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Remembering beats re-seeing
Preschoolers remembered new names far better when they practised recalling them than when they just saw them again. In 4 and 5-year-olds, recalling new words helped them remember both the sound and the meaning.
In Piyoka: hear a word and find its picture, or build it from letter tiles.
Fritz, Morris, Nolan & Singleton (2007), Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology; Leonard & Deevy (2020), JSLHR
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Saying it out loud
In studies of 5-year-olds, children remembered the names of pictures better when they said them aloud than when they only looked or listened.
In Piyoka: in every conversation, the child hears a reply and then says it.
Icht & Mama (2015), Journal of Child Language
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Help in their own language
In a study of Spanish-speaking preschoolers learning English, children learned more English words when new words were also explained in Spanish.
In Piyoka: every screen and every word meaning is in your child's home language.
Lugo-Neris, Jackson & Goldstein (2010), LSHSS
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Letters by their sounds
A review of 38 experiments found that teaching letter sounds step by step helps children learn to read, most of all in kindergarten and first grade.
In Piyoka: the letter wall says each letter's sound and shows a word that starts with it.
Ehri, Nunes, Stahl & Willows (2001), Review of Educational Research
What makes an app educational?
Researchers who looked at what children learn from apps came up with four questions to ask. We designed Piyoka around them.
Hirsh-Pasek et al. (2015), Psychological Science in the Public Interest
π ActiveKids tap, choose, build and serve, rather than just watch.
π― EngagedNo ads, no pop-ups, nothing pulling them out of the game.
π¦ MeaningfulOrdering ice cream and buying bread, not lists of words.
π¬ SocialConversations with the people in town. Even better with you sitting next to them.
These studies are about how children learn in general. Most were small lab studies, and none of them tested Piyoka itself. We use them as a guide to how we build it.